Laryngeal cancer is also referred as cancer of the larynx or laryngeal carcinoma. They are mostly squamous cell carcinomas, originating from the squamous cells. Squamous cells form the lining of the laryngeal epithelium. In any part of the larynx, cancer can develop. The larynx is divided into three anatomical regions for identifying the progression of cancer-
- Glottis
- Subglottis
- Supraglottis
Most frequently laryngeal cancers originate in the glottis region. It spreads either by
- Direct invasion to adjacent structures metastasis to regional cervical lymph nodes.
- Distantly through the blood stream. For example: distant metastases to the lung.
Symptoms of laryngeal cancer
The symptoms of laryngeal cancer generally depends on the size and location of the tumor. The following are the symptoms-
- A lump in the neck
- Persistent cough
- Hoarseness
- A sore throat
- Bad breath
- Ear ache
- Stridor
Incidence Rates
12,500 new cases per year are reported alone in USA. According to American Cancer Society, it is estimated that 9,510 men and women (7,700 men and 1,810 women) will be diagnosed with laryngeal cancer in 2006. About 2,200 people in the UK are diagnosed with laryngeal cancer.
Laryngeal Cancer Diagnosis
Diagnosis is performed by the doctor on the basis of a physical examination, medical history and tests including CT scan or MRI scan, chest x-ray and tissue biopsy. The examination needs some expertise, which may require a specialist.
Treating Laryngeal Cancer
The treatment of laryngeal cancer depends on the location, type and stage of the cancer. It involves radiotherapy, surgery or chemotherapy, alone or in combinations.
Risk Factors
Smoking is the most predominant risk factor for laryngeal cancer. Heavy chronic consumption of alcohol is also a significant factor. When these two factors are combined, they appear to have a synergistic effect.
