Several studies has been documented which demonstrates co infection with different viral respiratory pathogens and human metapneumovirus (hMPV). hMPV and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) co infection was found in 70% of children with RSV infection. This children required intensive care in Liverpool, United Kingdom.
Semple et al revealed that the rate of mechanical ventilation and intensive care admissions in patients co infected with hMPV and RSV was greater than in infection with either pathogen alone. But some other studies contradicts the concept of co infection. Therefore, further research is needed to illuminate the clinical impact of co infection.
Differential Diagnoses are required to identify the other viral respiratory pathogens which cause co infection with hMPV. Some of the pathogens are mentioned below:
- Bocavirus
- Adenovirus
- Parainfluenza Virus
- Bacterial/Viral Pharyngitis
- Bronchiolitis
- Rhinovirus
- Picornavirus
- Viral pneumonia
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) infection
Treatment For Human Metapneumovirus
As of now, no specific treatment/antiviral therapy is available for treating hMPV infection. The general mode of treatment consists of routine symptomatic care based on symptoms and respiratory support (if required).
Ribavirin (broad antiviral activity) has been shown to have in vitro activity against hMPV infection. Decrease in pulmonary inflammation and viral replication in the lungs was demonstrated when hMPV-infected cotton rats were treated with Ribavirin. Usage of ribavirin in any viral infection is still controversial. Till date, no human studies in hMPV infection have been performed.
Prevention Of Human Metapneumovirus
Development of prophylactic antiviral preparations is underway. The aim is to effectively inhibit hMPV in vivo using specific viral fusion inhibitors.
No specific vaccine is available for hMPV infection. A vaccine incorporating the F (fusion) protein seems to be promising in cotton rat studies.
It is strictly recommended in clinics and hospitals to implement effective infection controls. Transmission of hMPV occurs by contact with respiratory secretions.
