Fuch’s Corneal Dystrophy

Fuchs’ dystrophy, also known as Fuchs’ corneal dystrophy or Fuchs’ Endothelial dystrophy (FED) is a condition that affects the delicate inner layer (endothelium) of the cornea. It is a progressive disorder of the corneal endothelium with accumulation of focal excrescences called guttae and thickening of Descemet’s membrane, leading to corneal edema and loss of vision.

Clarity of the cornea is necessary for visual function. Corneal endothelial cells are the major “pump” cells of the cornea to allow for stromal clarity. In FED, Descemet’s membrane is grossly thickened with accumulation of abnormal wide-spaced collagen and numerous guttae. Corneal endothelial cells in end-stage FED are reduced in number and appear attenuated, causing progressive stromal edema.

Fuchs’ Corneal Dystrophy is a genetic, autosomal dominant disease with high penetrance.   That means you got it from a parent.   With this kind of gene each child born from a parent carrying the disease has a 50% chance of getting the Fuchs’ Dystrophy gene, and a 50% chance of getting a normal gene and not getting Fuchs’ Corneal Dystrophy. It is slightly more common in women than in men.

Symptoms

In the early stages, Fuchs’ patients notice glare and light sensitivity.   As the dystrophy progresses, the vision may seem blurred in the morning and sharper later in the day. This happens because the internal layers of the cornea tend to retain more moisture during sleep that evaporates when the eyes are open.   As the dystrophy worsens, the vision becomes continuously blurred.

Does it Have Treatment?

Generally, there is no complete getting away from this condition. However, the only real cure for the disease is a cornea transplant.   If the disease isn’t very far advanced you can get temporary relief, under the care of an eye professional, by using muro eyedrops.